Porous membranes are materials with small openings or pores that allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others. These membranes are commonly used in filtration, separation, and purification processes in various industries such as water treatment, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Porous membranes can be made from a variety of materials including polymers, ceramics, and metals, and their properties can be tailored to meet specific application requirements. Research in this area focuses on developing new membrane materials, improving membrane performance and durability, and exploring new applications for porous membranes in various industries.